How an Empty Chair at School Becomes an Empty Claim: A Discussion of Absence From School and Its Causality

Interventions targeting absence from school justify themselves with the claim that causes negative effects or prevents good effects. I argue these are empty claims. propose as a cause makes sense in two ways: (1) context of prevention, if we take into consideration our expectations what would have taken place, had child gone to school, and did place for instead, (2) responses absence. Both interpretations lead conception where absence, instead being direct cause, rather accrues consequences it. use alternatives justified contribute results literature has so far claimed have. Absence is not problem, it may only be sign one.